In preparing this volume, the Editor has used both the three-volumeedition and the two-volume edition of the "Histoire de laCivilisation." He has usually preferred the order of topics of thetwo-volume edition, but has supplemented the material therein withother matter drawn from the three-volume edition.
A few corrections to the text have been given in foot-notes. Thesenotes are always clearly distinguished from the elucidations of theauthor.
A.H.W.
Prehistoric Times. Prehistoric archæology — Prehistoric remains; their antiquity — Prehistoric science — The four ages.
The Rough Stone Age. Remains found in the gravels — Thecave-men.
The Polished Stone Age. Lake-villages — Megalithicmonuments.
The Bronze Age. Bronze — Bronze objects.
The Iron Age. Iron — Iron weapons — Epochs of the Iron Age.
Conclusions: How the four ages are to be conceived; uncertainties;solved questions.
History and the Documents. History — Legends — History ingeneral — Great divisions of history — Ancient history — Modernhistory — The Middle Ages.
Sources for the History of Ancient Civilizations.Books — Monuments — Inscriptions — Languages — Lacunæ.
Races and Peoples. Anthropology — The races — Civilizedpeoples — Aryans and Semites.
The Egyptians. Egypt — The country — The Nile — Fertility of thesoil — The accounts of Herodotus — Champollion — Egyptologists — Discoveries.
The Egyptian Empire. Antiquity of the Egyptian people — Memphisand the pyramids — Egyptian civilization — Thebes — ThePharaoh — The subjects — Despotism — Isolation of the Egyptians.
Religion of the Egyptians. The gods — Osiris — Ammon-râ — Godswith animal heads — Sacred animals — The bull Apis — Worship of thedead — Judgment of the soul — Mummies — Book of the Dead — Thearts — Industry — Architecture— Tombs— Temples— Sculpture— Painting—Literature — Destinies of the Egyptian civilization.
The Assyrians and Babylonians. Chaldea — The land — Thepeople — The cities.
The Assyrians — Assyria — Origins — Ancient accounts — Moderndiscoveries — Inscriptions on bricks — Cuneiform writi