Transcriber's note:A few typographical errors have been corrected. Theyappear in the text like this, and theexplanation will appear when the mouse pointer is moved over the markedpassage. Sections in Greek and Hebrew will yield a transliterationwhen the pointer is moved over them.

Some short Greek renderings in the main text were printed as page footnotes. To avoid confusion with the links to the scholarly notes,these have been moved to parentheses next to the English renderings and higlighted thus: commandant (ἄρχων).

The Oriental Religions in
Roman Paganism

By

Franz Cumont

With an Introductory Essay by
Grant Showerman

Authorized Translation

Chicago
The Open Court Publishing Company

London Agents
Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co.

1911


COPYRIGHT BY
THE OPEN COURT PUBLISHING CO.
1911


TO MY TEACHER AND FRIEND

CHARLES MICHEL


[iii]

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Introduction.—The Significance of Franz Cumont's Work, By Grant Showerman ... v

Preface ... xv

Preface to the Second Edition ... xxv

I. Rome and the Orient ... 1

Superiority of the Orient, 1.—Its Influence on Political Institutions, 3.—Its Influence on Civil Law, 5.—Its Influence on Science, 6.—Its Influence on Literature and Art, 7.—Its Influence on Industry, 9.—Sources: Destruction of Pagan Rituals, 11.—Mythographers, 12.—Historians, 13.—Satirists, 13.—Philosophers, 14.—Christian Polemicists, 15.—Archeological Documents, 16.

II. Why the Oriental Religions Spread ... 20

Difference in the Religions of the Orient and the Occident, 20.—Spread of Oriental Religions, 22.—Economic Influences, 23.—Theory of Degeneration, 25.—Conversions are of Individuals, 27.—Appeal of the Oriental Religions to the Senses, 28.—Appeal to the Intelligence, 31.—Appeal to the Conscience, 35.—Inadequacy of the Roman Religion, 35.—Skepticism, ...

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