BRITISH CASTLES
BY
CHARLES H. ASHDOWN
CONTAINING 32 FULL-PAGE ILLUSTRATIONS IN COLOUR
AND A NUMBER OF PLANS AND DIAGRAMS IN THE TEXT
LONDON
ADAM AND CHARLES BLACK
1911
AGENTS
America The Macmillan Company
64 & 66 Fifth Avenue, New York
Australasia The Oxford University Press
205 Flinders Lane, Melbourne
Canada The Macmillan Company of Canada, Ltd.
St. Martin's House, 70 Bond Street, Toronto
India Macmillan & Company, Ltd.
Macmillan Building, Bombay
309 Bow Bazaar Street, Calcutta
Germany, Austria-Hungary,}
Russia,}Brockhaus and Pehrsson
Scandinavia, and,}16 Querstrasse, Leipzig
German Switzerland,}
PREFACE
Considering the richness and variety of both technical and popularliterature upon Castles generally, it may appear superfluous to sendforth another book upon the same subject, and, if investigation had beenat a standstill or barren in results during the past decade, criticismwould be justified. But much has come to light upon this interestingsubject which undoubtedly revolutionises pre-existing ideas, both as toprimitive forms of castellation and of those in historic periods. Theallocation of the former to approximately definite epochs, and also oftwo great and important phases of the latter to well-defined periods,are the salient features of late investigations. Unfortunately theordinary reader is debarred from becoming intimate with these changes ofthought, inasmuch as newly acquired discoveries are generally to b